Understanding Leakages in the PDS
The decline is particularly clear in states that are known to have undertaken serious PDS reforms, confirming the effectiveness of these reforms
The decline is particularly clear in states that are known to have undertaken serious PDS reforms, confirming the effectiveness of these reforms
Lack of information and multiple intermediaries have been seen as major obstacles preventing farmers from obtaining a higher price for their produce. Thus, providing information on market prices to farmers and removing intermediaries from the supply chain, have often been considered means to empower farmers. This article argues that intermediaries are integral to any market exchange and notions of disintermediation mask processes that are replacing one form of intermediation by another, usually a corporatized or more vertically integrated one.
In Indian manufacturing, which accounts for only 12.2% of the country’s workforce, a few technologically advanced sectors coexist with a vast informal sector. The growth of Indian manufacturing is characterized by ‘joblessness’, and during the post-1991 years, by large yearly and industry-wise variations. While a few capital- and skill-intensive industries recorded fast rates of growth of value added, employment generation occurred largely in the unorganized sector, mainly in export-oriented industries such as garments and textiles.